INTERFERENCE OF INDONESIAN LANGUAGE
TO JAVANESE LANGUAGE IN MOVIE “RADIO GALAU”
Sri Winarsih
F2A013004
English Literature
Faculty of Foreign Language and
Culture
Muhammadiyah Semarang University
2015
1.
Introduction
language
is one of communication instrument which is very effective. In this world, we
have many different language in every countries. With the variant of languages,
many different and difficulties when we are communicating.
Language is
used by people for communicating with each other around the world, including in
Indonesia. Indonesia has a wide area and consist of larger ethnic group with
their own vernacular. (Sneddon, 2003:196)
Beside
indonesian language which is used by Indonesian people as national language and
official language, there are also hundreds of vernaculars which are used
regionally (Abdulhayi et al, 1985:1). This condition shows that Indonesian
people are formed in multilingual society
(Chaer, 1994:65). It means that Indonesian people use more than two
language for communicating with each other, one of which is Indonesian language
and the other one is their vernacular language.
One example of
vernacular language is Javanese language. It is a language with large speakers,
as it is used mostly by the people in Central Java, Yogyakarta and East Java.
Many of Javanese language speakers use Indonesian language as their second
language in turns with Javanese language. Therefore they can be called as
bilingual speakers (Abdulhayi et, al 1985:1).
Bilingualism is
a condition when a speaker uses two languages in turns. Generally, people in Indonesia
use their vernacular, in this case Javanese language, as first language and Indonesian
language as their second language (Chaer and Agustina, 2004:215). Because Indonesian
language is a national language in Indoinesia, there is Indonesian language
lerning in Indonesian schools.
Interference is
the use of one language element into another language when people master two
languages or more, Suwito (1983:54) said that interference is a deviation,
because element absorbrd by one of the language already has a parable element
in the absorber language.
Interference is
a phenomenon in bilingual society. It can happen in all language component,
such as phonology, morphology, and syntax. Interference which happen in
morphology and syntax can be called as grammatical interference (Abdulhayi et
al, 1985:9)
The researcher
interested to analysis interference in
Indonesian movie “Radio Galau”. The conversation interest to be analysis
because the plays used interference in
their conversation.
2.
Problem of the
study
a.
What kinds of
interference found in movie “Radio Galau” ?
b.
What’s are the
factors of interference in movie “Radio Galau” ?
3.
Aims of the
study
a.
To analyze
types of interference in movie “Radio Galau”
b.
To analyze
factors of interference in Indonesian movie “Radio Galau”
4.
Theory
Theory that is
used in this research is theory Chaer and Agustina (2004:120) according to
Weinreich (1953) interference is a system’s change of one language in
connection with language contact of it with another language’s by bilingual
speaker( in Chaer and Agustina 2004:120).
According
Weinreich quoted by Rindjin et al. (1981:24) divided interference in three
kinds, there are phonologycal, grammatical and lexical interference.
Grammatical interference covers morphologycal interference and syntactical
interference. Almost the same with Weinreich, Haugen divided interference based
on their occurrence in phonological (diaphonic), lexical (diamorph), and
grammatical (cited in Hastuti, 2003:56).
5.
Method of
research
a.
Data source
Radio Galau is
a Indonesian movie by Iqbal Rais that produced by Rapi Film. This movie
released on 2013. Starring of this movie is Dimas Anggara and Natasha Riski.
The movie is set in senior high school in Jakarta. Movie duration is 1 hours 30
minutes.
b.
Method and
technique of collecting data
In
the collection of data, the method had done by researcher are:
1.
Watched the
movie and taken many conversation. The conversation which will analyzed, happen
for an hours, and then written the conversation in that film. The conversation
in that movie is in follows.
2.
Selecting any
words, phrase and sentences consisting of interference
3.
Categorizing
the data into two models of grammatical interference, those are morphological
interference and syntactical interference
4.
Analyzing the
area of grammatical interference, both morphological interference and
syntactical interference, based on each types of interference.
6.
Analysis
In this
analysis, the researcher explains about three point of interference, types,
factors, and effect of interference in conversation.
a.
Types of
interference
According
Weinreich quoted by Rindjin et al. (1981:24) divided interference in three
kinds, there are phonologycal, grammatical and lexical interference.
1.
Phonological
interference
Phonological
interference happens when bilingual speaker perceives and reproduces a phoneme
of one language in terms of another language. Phonological interference can be
seen when Javanese speakers add nasal sounds in front name of places with
preceding allomorphs like [b], [d], ang [g]. For example : mBandung, nDepok,
ngGombong (Chaer and Agustina, 2004:122)
2.
Grammatical
interference, consist of:
a.
Morphological
interference
Soewito explains that morphological interference can happen if in
word formation there is a language that absorbs affixes from another language changing
lexeme into complex word form. Affix from one language is used to form word in
another language. Affix can be placed initial and penultimate even between base
morpheme (Ramlan, 1985:63).
In
morphologycal interference of Javanese language into Indonesian language, there
are three kinds of affix (Chaer and Agustina, 2004:123).
·
Prefix is an
affix placed the beginning of word. For example: ke-pukul, ke-tabrak, ke-jebak.
·
Suffix is an
affix placed in the end of word. For example: Jalan-an, cara-ne.
·
Konfiks is an
affix which contains two substances, prefix and suffix. For example:
ke-kecil-an, ke-mahal-an.
Those examples
come from the base form of Indonesian language +affix of vernacular, in this
case it is Javanese language. Actually, the form with such affixes is not needed,
because in Indonesian language there is parable affix for that. One example is
prefix [ke-] in word [ketabrak], there is correct affix, [ter-], so the word
becomes [tertabrak] (Chaer and Agustina, 1995:162).
There is
another indication of morphological interference beside affixation, such as
reduplication and compounding. Reduplication is repetition of one grammatical
unit either some or all of it, meanwhile, compounding is fusion of two languages
which caused new meaning (Ramlan, 1982:63-76).
Conversation in
movie “Radio Galau”it is consist morphological interference
“cewek-cewek
ngantri buat dapetin gue”
In this
conversation it is a morphological interference because in this sentence there
is interference from Javanese language to Indonesian language. This sentence
should be “cewek-cewek mengantri buat mendapatkan gue”
b.
Syntactical
interference
Chaer
(1994:206) stated that syntax talks about word in relation with the other
words, or the other functions as an utterance. He added that syntax discusses
the arrangement of words into the larger units, which is called syntax unit (Chaer,
2009:3)
Syntactical
interference happen if one sentence’s structure is absorbed by another
sentence’s structure (Suwito, 1983:56). It can be seen from the using of word, phrase
and clause in sentence (Chaer and Agustina, 2004:162).
3.
Lexical
interference or borrowing
Myers-Scotton
(2002:239) divided lexical borrowing into two types:
a.
Cultural
lexical borrowing
Cultural borrowed forms not only words for objrcts new to the
culture (e.g. CD or compact disk, espresso), but also for new concepts (e.g.
overtime).
“tiba-tiba galau itu jadi eksis”
“karna gue suka nonton CD”
This sentence it is cultural lexical borrowing because “eksis” it
is originally english language but it used in Indonesian conversation. The
speaker borrow this word in the conversation.
b.
Core lexical
borrowing
Core borrowed forms are word that is similar reference word already
exist words in first language (e.g. words for time references such as le
weekend in French) (2002:239). Chaer (2009:103-105).
7.
Factors causing
interference in movie “Radio Galau”
According
to Weinreich there are six factors causing interference:
a.
Bilingualism of
the speakers
Bilingualism and lack of speaker vocabulary are main factors that
cause interference. Bilingualism ias a major cause of interference because
bilingual person will have more contact because of their ability in using two
languages, where the first language interference the second language. Besides,
the lack of vocabulary makes the speakers express a new concept in his second
language and cause interference. This interference is likely conducted by the
speaker because he wants to enrich his second language’s vacabulary from his
mother tongue or first language.
Factor interference in movie Radio Galau is bilingualism because
the actors get influence from another language especially javanes language.
b.
Decrease of the
first language speaker, because there are foreign languase so the actors prefer
use the foreign language than Indonesian language. Example Dimas Anggara use
eksis word in his conversation.
c.
Prestige of donor
language and literary style
Because the actors in this movie follow the literary style from
daily conversation of people.
8.
Conclusion
From the analysis above the researcher found three types of interference,
there are first phonologycal
interference, second grammatical interference, consist morphologycal
interference and syntactical interference and third lexical interference, consist
cultural lexical borrowing and core lexical borrowing.
Researcher found two types of interference in movie Radio Galau there are
morphological interference and cultural lexical borrowing. The factors which
cause interference in thi movie is bilingulism of the speakers, decrease of the
first language speakers, prestige of donor language and literary style.
9.
Bibliography
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